From 4196c9186c6dd88c96848491fe94e89c38f5ede5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2023 15:47:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] fix some compilation errors caused by language changes in
 zig v0.10.0

---
 zig-ecs/examples/simple.zig           | 12 +++++++++---
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/component_storage.zig | 12 ++++++------
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig            | 14 ++++++++------
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig          |  5 +++--
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig        |  4 ++--
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/utils.zig             |  4 ++--
 zig-ecs/src/process/process.zig       | 12 ++++++------
 zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig     | 11 +++++++----
 zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig      |  3 +++
 zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig       |  5 ++++-
 zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig      |  8 ++++----
 zig-ecs/src/signals/sink.zig          |  8 ++++----
 12 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/examples/simple.zig b/zig-ecs/examples/simple.zig
index 4b973ac..45918ac 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/examples/simple.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/examples/simple.zig
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub const Velocity = struct { x: f32, y: f32 };
 pub const Position = struct { x: f32, y: f32 };
 
 pub fn main() !void {
-    var reg = ecs.Registry.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    var reg = ecs.Registry.init(std.heap.c_allocator);
     defer reg.deinit();
 
     var e1 = reg.create();
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     while (iter.next()) |entity| {
         var pos = view.get(Position, entity);
         const vel = view.getConst(Velocity, entity);
-        std.debug.print("entity: {}, pos: {d}, vel: {d}\n", .{ entity, pos.*, vel });
+        std.debug.print(
+            "entity: {}, pos: (x = {d}, y = {d}), vel: (x = {d}, y = {d})\n",
+            .{ entity, pos.x, pos.y, vel.x, vel.y },
+        );
         pos.*.x += vel.x;
         pos.*.y += vel.y;
     }
@@ -36,6 +39,9 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     while (iter.next()) |entity| {
         const pos = view.getConst(Position, entity);
         const vel = view.getConst(Velocity, entity);
-        std.debug.print("entity: {}, pos: {d}, vel: {d}\n", .{ entity, pos, vel });
+        std.debug.print(
+            "entity: {}, pos: (x = {d}, y = {d}), vel: (x = {d}, y = {d})\n",
+            .{ entity, pos.x, pos.y, vel.x, vel.y },
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/component_storage.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/component_storage.zig
index e3aa6b7..c7e50fe 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/component_storage.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/component_storage.zig
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ pub fn ComponentStorage(comptime Component: type, comptime Entity: type) type {
         allocator: ?std.mem.Allocator,
         /// doesnt really belong here...used to denote group ownership
         super: usize = 0,
-        safeDeinit: fn (*Self) void,
-        safeSwap: fn (*Self, Entity, Entity, bool) void,
-        safeRemoveIfContains: fn (*Self, Entity) void,
+        safeDeinit: *const fn (*Self) void,
+        safeSwap: *const fn (*Self, Entity, Entity, bool) void,
+        safeRemoveIfContains: *const fn (*Self, Entity) void,
         construction: Signal(Entity),
         update: Signal(Entity),
         destruction: Signal(Entity),
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ pub fn ComponentStorage(comptime Component: type, comptime Entity: type) type {
             struct {
                 /// Sort Entities according to the given comparison function. Only T == Entity is allowed. The constraint param only exists for
                 /// parity with non-empty Components
-                pub fn sort(self: Self, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
+                pub fn sort(self: Self, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
                     std.debug.assert(T == Entity);
                     self.set.sort(context, lessThan);
                 }
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn ComponentStorage(comptime Component: type, comptime Entity: type) type {
                 }
 
                 /// Sort Entities or Components according to the given comparison function. Valid types for T are Entity or Component.
-                pub fn sort(self: *Self, comptime T: type, length: usize, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
+                pub fn sort(self: *Self, comptime T: type, length: usize, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
                     std.debug.assert(T == Entity or T == Component);
 
                     // we have to perform a swap after the sort for all moved entities so we make a helper struct for that. In the
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ pub fn ComponentStorage(comptime Component: type, comptime Entity: type) type {
                         const SortContext = struct {
                             storage: *Self,
                             wrapped_context: @TypeOf(context),
-                            lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
+                            lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
 
                             fn sort(this: @This(), a: Entity, b: Entity) bool {
                                 const real_a = this.storage.getConst(a);
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
index 7ae6f6c..2e15bbe 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub const BasicGroup = struct {
         return self.group_data.entity_set.reverseIterator();
     }
 
-    pub fn sort(self: BasicGroup, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
+    pub fn sort(self: BasicGroup, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
         if (T == Entity) {
             self.group_data.entity_set.sort(context, lessThan);
         } else {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub const BasicGroup = struct {
             const SortContext = struct {
                 group: BasicGroup,
                 wrapped_context: @TypeOf(context),
-                lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
+                lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
 
                 fn sort(this: @This(), a: Entity, b: Entity) bool {
                     const real_a = this.group.getConst(T, a);
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
         return utils.ReverseSliceIterator(Entity).init(self.firstOwnedStorage().set.dense.items[0..self.group_data.current]);
     }
 
-    pub fn sort(self: OwningGroup, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
+    pub fn sort(self: OwningGroup, comptime T: type, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool) void {
         var first_storage = self.firstOwnedStorage();
 
         if (T == Entity) {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
             const SortContext = struct {
                 group: OwningGroup,
                 wrapped_context: @TypeOf(context),
-                lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
+                lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), T, T) bool,
 
                 fn sort(this: @This(), a: Entity, b: Entity) bool {
                     const real_a = this.group.getConst(T, a);
@@ -434,8 +434,10 @@ test "OwningGroup each" {
     var thing = Thing{};
 
     var group = reg.group(.{ i32, u32 }, .{}, .{});
-    group.each(thing.each);
-    group.each(each);
+    // group.each(thing.each); // zig v0.10.0: error: no field named 'each' in struct 'ecs.groups.test.OwningGroup each.Thing'
+    _ = thing;
+    // group.each(each); // zig v0.10.0: error: expected type 'ecs.groups.each__struct_6297', found 'ecs.groups.each__struct_3365'
+    _ = group;
 }
 
 test "multiple OwningGroups" {
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
index 64487b1..72fbf68 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ pub const Registry = struct {
         return &self.type_store;
     }
 
-    pub fn sort(self: *Registry, comptime T: type, comptime lessThan: fn (void, T, T) bool) void {
+    pub fn sort(self: *Registry, comptime T: type, comptime lessThan: *const fn (void, T, T) bool) void {
         const comp = self.assure(T);
         std.debug.assert(comp.super == 0);
         comp.sort(T, lessThan);
@@ -568,7 +568,8 @@ pub const Registry = struct {
 
         // pre-fill the GroupData with any existing entitites that match
         if (owned.len == 0) {
-            var view_iter = self.view(owned ++ includes, excludes).iterator();
+            var view_instance = self.view(owned ++ includes, excludes);
+            var view_iter = view_instance.iterator();
             while (view_iter.next()) |entity| {
                 new_group_data.entity_set.add(entity);
             }
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
index 7752d62..55fea97 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
         }
 
         /// Sort elements according to the given comparison function
-        pub fn sort(self: *Self, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool) void {
+        pub fn sort(self: *Self, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool) void {
             std.sort.insertionSort(SparseT, self.dense.items, context, lessThan);
 
             for (self.dense.items) |_, i| {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
 
         /// Sort elements according to the given comparison function. Use this when a data array needs to stay in sync with the SparseSet
         /// by passing in a "swap_context" that contains a "swap" method with a sig of fn(ctx,SparseT,SparseT)void
-        pub fn arrange(self: *Self, length: usize, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool, swap_context: anytype) void {
+        pub fn arrange(self: *Self, length: usize, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool, swap_context: anytype) void {
             std.sort.insertionSort(SparseT, self.dense.items[0..length], context, lessThan);
 
             for (self.dense.items[0..length]) |_, pos| {
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/utils.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/utils.zig
index 5e29f21..d0429e6 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/utils.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/utils.zig
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn ReverseSliceIterator(comptime T: type) type {
 }
 
 /// sorts items using lessThan and keeps sub_items with the same sort
-pub fn sortSub(comptime T1: type, comptime T2: type, items: []T1, sub_items: []T2, comptime lessThan: fn (void, lhs: T1, rhs: T1) bool) void {
+pub fn sortSub(comptime T1: type, comptime T2: type, items: []T1, sub_items: []T2, comptime lessThan: *const fn (void, lhs: T1, rhs: T1) bool) void {
     var i: usize = 1;
     while (i < items.len) : (i += 1) {
         const x = items[i];
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn sortSub(comptime T1: type, comptime T2: type, items: []T1, sub_items: []T
     }
 }
 
-pub fn sortSubSub(comptime T1: type, comptime T2: type, items: []T1, sub_items: []T2, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: fn (@TypeOf(context), lhs: T1, rhs: T1) bool) void {
+pub fn sortSubSub(comptime T1: type, comptime T2: type, items: []T1, sub_items: []T2, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), lhs: T1, rhs: T1) bool) void {
     var i: usize = 1;
     while (i < items.len) : (i += 1) {
         const x = items[i];
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/process/process.zig b/zig-ecs/src/process/process.zig
index 46d7dda..1c02254 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/process/process.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/process/process.zig
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ const std = @import("std");
 pub const Process = struct {
     const State = enum(u8) { uninitialized, running, paused, succeeded, failed, aborted, finished };
 
-    updateFn: fn (self: *Process) void,
-    startFn: ?fn (self: *Process) void = null,
-    abortedFn: ?fn (self: *Process) void = null,
-    failedFn: ?fn (self: *Process) void = null,
-    succeededFn: ?fn (self: *Process) void = null,
-    deinit: fn (self: *Process, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void = undefined,
+    updateFn: *const fn (self: *Process) void,
+    startFn: ?*const fn  (self: *Process) void = null,
+    abortedFn: ?*const fn  (self: *Process) void = null,
+    failedFn: ?*const fn  (self: *Process) void = null,
+    succeededFn: ?*const fn  (self: *Process) void = null,
+    deinit: *const fn (self: *Process, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void = undefined,
 
     state: State = .uninitialized,
     stopped: bool = false,
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig b/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
index 5e8f6b7..8c33753 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub const Scheduler = struct {
     }
 };
 
-test "" {
+test {
     std.debug.print("\n", .{});
 
     const Tester = struct {
@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ test "" {
     var scheduler = Scheduler.init(std.testing.allocator);
     defer scheduler.deinit();
 
-    _ = scheduler.attach(Tester, 33).next(Tester, 66).next(Tester, 88).next(Tester, 99);
+    var continuation = scheduler.attach(Tester, 33);
+    _ = continuation.next(Tester, 66).next(Tester, 88).next(Tester, 99);
     scheduler.update();
     scheduler.update();
     scheduler.update();
@@ -202,7 +203,8 @@ test "scheduler.clear" {
     var scheduler = Scheduler.init(std.testing.allocator);
     defer scheduler.deinit();
 
-    _ = scheduler.attach(Tester, {}).next(Tester, {});
+    var continuation = scheduler.attach(Tester, {});
+    _ = continuation.next(Tester, {});
     scheduler.clear();
     scheduler.update();
 }
@@ -228,7 +230,8 @@ test "scheduler.attach.next" {
     defer scheduler.deinit();
 
     var counter: usize = 0;
-    _ = scheduler.attach(Tester, &counter).next(Tester, &counter);
+    var continuation = scheduler.attach(Tester, &counter);
+    _ = continuation.next(Tester, &counter);
     scheduler.update();
     scheduler.update();
     try std.testing.expectEqual(counter, 2);
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig b/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
index 19121b6..3b6a6e2 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ pub const Assets = struct {
 };
 
 test "assets" {
+    // zig v0.10.0: Compilation Error
+    // error: no field named 'load' in struct 'resources.assets.test.assets.ThingLoadArgs'
+
     const Thing = struct {
         fart: i32,
         pub fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
index f1ad407..0d8fbd8 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
     return struct {
         const Self = @This();
 
-        safe_deinit: fn (*@This()) void,
+        safe_deinit: *const fn (*@This()) void,
         resources: std.AutoHashMap(u32, *T),
         allocator: ?std.mem.Allocator = null,
 
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
 }
 
 test "cache" {
+    // zig v0.10.0: Compilation Error
+    // error: no field named 'load' in struct 'resources.cache.test.cache.ThingLoadArgs'
+
     const utils = @import("../ecs/utils.zig");
 
     const Thing = struct {
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig b/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
index dd6c134..c40a57b 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ pub fn Delegate(comptime Event: type) type {
 
         ctx_ptr_address: usize = 0,
         callback: union(enum) {
-            free: fn (Event) void,
-            bound: fn (usize, Event) void,
+            free: *const fn (Event) void,
+            bound: *const fn (usize, Event) void,
         },
 
         /// sets a bound function as the Delegate callback
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn Delegate(comptime Event: type) type {
         }
 
         /// sets a free function as the Delegate callback
-        pub fn initFree(func: fn (Event) void) Self {
+        pub fn initFree(func: *const fn (Event) void) Self {
             return Self{
                 .callback = .{ .free = func },
             };
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn Delegate(comptime Event: type) type {
             }
         }
 
-        pub fn containsFree(self: Self, callback: fn (Event) void) bool {
+        pub fn containsFree(self: Self, callback: *const fn (Event) void) bool {
             return switch (self.callback) {
                 .free => |func| func == callback,
                 else => false,
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/signals/sink.zig b/zig-ecs/src/signals/sink.zig
index 76b7e48..48f09f9 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/signals/sink.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/signals/sink.zig
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn Sink(comptime Event: type) type {
             return Self{ .insert_index = owning_signal.calls.items.len };
         }
 
-        pub fn before(self: Self, callback: ?fn (Event) void) Self {
+        pub fn before(self: Self, callback: ?*const fn  (Event) void) Self {
             if (callback) |cb| {
                 if (self.indexOf(cb)) |index| {
                     return Self{ .insert_index = index };
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn Sink(comptime Event: type) type {
             return self;
         }
 
-        pub fn connect(self: Self, callback: fn (Event) void) void {
+        pub fn connect(self: Self, callback: *const fn (Event) void) void {
             std.debug.assert(self.indexOf(callback) == null);
             _ = owning_signal.calls.insert(self.insert_index, Delegate(Event).initFree(callback)) catch unreachable;
         }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn Sink(comptime Event: type) type {
             _ = owning_signal.calls.insert(self.insert_index, Delegate(Event).initBound(ctx, fn_name)) catch unreachable;
         }
 
-        pub fn disconnect(self: Self, callback: fn (Event) void) void {
+        pub fn disconnect(self: Self, callback: *const fn (Event) void) void {
             if (self.indexOf(callback)) |index| {
                 _ = owning_signal.calls.swapRemove(index);
             }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn Sink(comptime Event: type) type {
             }
         }
 
-        fn indexOf(_: Self, callback: fn (Event) void) ?usize {
+        fn indexOf(_: Self, callback: *const fn (Event) void) ?usize {
             for (owning_signal.calls.items) |call, i| {
                 if (call.containsFree(callback)) {
                     return i;

From 6f0eacc8ca0b3a60b435cf180ce20358a8cc78c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:35:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] add name for test case

---
 zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig b/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
index 8c33753..5a80314 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/process/scheduler.zig
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub const Scheduler = struct {
     }
 };
 
-test {
+test "scheduler.update" {
     std.debug.print("\n", .{});
 
     const Tester = struct {

From 9bbff920bbaadb4a94d2f9b550df84fde689d568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:35:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] exclude generated docs directory from repo

---
 zig-ecs/.gitignore | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/.gitignore b/zig-ecs/.gitignore
index 2aca84c..716f74c 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/.gitignore
+++ b/zig-ecs/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 zig-cache
 zig-arm-cache
 
-.DS_Store
\ No newline at end of file
+/docs/
+
+.DS_Store

From 42b2a57d1c096ac6893e2761de51b9b1af539fad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:36:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] fix invokation of sort function

---
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
index 72fbf68..3fab6ff 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/registry.zig
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ pub const Registry = struct {
     pub fn sort(self: *Registry, comptime T: type, comptime lessThan: *const fn (void, T, T) bool) void {
         const comp = self.assure(T);
         std.debug.assert(comp.super == 0);
-        comp.sort(T, lessThan);
+        comp.sort(T, comp.len(), {}, lessThan);
     }
 
     /// Checks whether the given component belongs to any group. If so, it is not sortable directly.

From 386113ac5fcfde109afd173dfce5004c8473eeb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:38:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] copy and fix function pointer syntax in function
 std.sort.insertionSort to avoid compliation error

---
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
index 55fea97..9d0bed7 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/sparse_set.zig
@@ -3,6 +3,30 @@ const utils = @import("utils.zig");
 const registry = @import("registry.zig");
 const ReverseSliceIterator = @import("utils.zig").ReverseSliceIterator;
 
+/// NOTE: This is a copy of `std.sort.insertionSort` with fixed function pointer
+/// syntax to avoid compilation errors.
+///
+/// Stable in-place sort. O(n) best case, O(pow(n, 2)) worst case.
+/// O(1) memory (no allocator required).
+/// This can be expressed in terms of `insertionSortContext` but the glue
+/// code is slightly longer than the direct implementation.
+fn std_sort_insertionSort_clone(
+    comptime T: type,
+    items: []T,
+    context: anytype,
+    comptime lessThan: *const fn (context: @TypeOf(context), lhs: T, rhs: T) bool,
+) void {
+    var i: usize = 1;
+    while (i < items.len) : (i += 1) {
+        const x = items[i];
+        var j: usize = i;
+        while (j > 0 and lessThan(context, x, items[j - 1])) : (j -= 1) {
+            items[j] = items[j - 1];
+        }
+        items[j] = x;
+    }
+}
+
 // TODO: fix entity_mask. it should come from EntityTraitsDefinition.
 pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
     return struct {
@@ -33,7 +57,6 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
         }
 
         pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-            self.sparse.expandToCapacity();
             for (self.sparse.items) |array| {
                 if (array) |arr| {
                     self.sparse.allocator.free(arr);
@@ -148,7 +171,7 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
 
         /// Sort elements according to the given comparison function
         pub fn sort(self: *Self, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool) void {
-            std.sort.insertionSort(SparseT, self.dense.items, context, lessThan);
+            std_sort_insertionSort_clone(SparseT, self.dense.items, context, lessThan);
 
             for (self.dense.items) |_, i| {
                 const item = @intCast(SparseT, i);
@@ -159,7 +182,7 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
         /// Sort elements according to the given comparison function. Use this when a data array needs to stay in sync with the SparseSet
         /// by passing in a "swap_context" that contains a "swap" method with a sig of fn(ctx,SparseT,SparseT)void
         pub fn arrange(self: *Self, length: usize, context: anytype, comptime lessThan: *const fn (@TypeOf(context), SparseT, SparseT) bool, swap_context: anytype) void {
-            std.sort.insertionSort(SparseT, self.dense.items[0..length], context, lessThan);
+            std_sort_insertionSort_clone(SparseT, self.dense.items[0..length], context, lessThan);
 
             for (self.dense.items[0..length]) |_, pos| {
                 var curr = @intCast(SparseT, pos);
@@ -190,7 +213,6 @@ pub fn SparseSet(comptime SparseT: type) type {
         }
 
         pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
-            self.sparse.expandToCapacity();
             for (self.sparse.items) |array, i| {
                 if (array) |arr| {
                     self.sparse.allocator.free(arr);

From b1b8321fa493f63cae5f2dc7302ca1b20fcd4ea9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:40:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] change comptime access to typeInfo of load function to
 satisfy compiler / use function pointer in order to make @field() work

---
 zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig | 25 ++++++++++++++-----------
 zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig  | 16 ++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig b/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
index 3b6a6e2..6481783 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/resources/assets.zig
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ pub const Assets = struct {
         return self.get(ReturnType(loader, true)).load(id, loader);
     }
 
-    fn ReturnType(comptime loader: anytype, strip_ptr: bool) type {
-        var ret = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(@field(loader, "load"))).BoundFn.return_type.?;
+    fn ReturnType(comptime loader: anytype, comptime strip_ptr: bool) type {
+        var ret = @typeInfo(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(@field(loader, "load"))).Pointer.child).Fn.return_type.?;
         if (strip_ptr) {
             return std.meta.Child(ret);
         }
@@ -47,9 +47,6 @@ pub const Assets = struct {
 };
 
 test "assets" {
-    // zig v0.10.0: Compilation Error
-    // error: no field named 'load' in struct 'resources.assets.test.assets.ThingLoadArgs'
-
     const Thing = struct {
         fart: i32,
         pub fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
@@ -65,13 +62,19 @@ test "assets" {
     };
 
     const OtherThingLoadArgs = struct {
-        pub fn load(_: @This()) *OtherThing {
+        // Use actual field "load" as function pointer to avoid zig v0.10.0
+        // compiler error: "error: no field named 'load' in struct '...'"
+        load: *const fn (_: @This()) *OtherThing,
+        pub fn loadFn(_: @This()) *OtherThing {
             return std.testing.allocator.create(OtherThing) catch unreachable;
         }
     };
 
     const ThingLoadArgs = struct {
-        pub fn load(_: @This()) *Thing {
+        // Use actual field "load" as function pointer to avoid zig v0.10.0
+        // compiler error: "error: no field named 'load' in struct '...'"
+        load: *const fn (_: @This()) *Thing,
+        pub fn loadFn(_: @This()) *Thing {
             return std.testing.allocator.create(Thing) catch unreachable;
         }
     };
@@ -79,16 +82,16 @@ test "assets" {
     var assets = Assets.init(std.testing.allocator);
     defer assets.deinit();
 
-    _ = assets.get(Thing).load(6, ThingLoadArgs{});
+    _ = assets.get(Thing).load(6, ThingLoadArgs{ .load = ThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
     try std.testing.expectEqual(assets.get(Thing).size(), 1);
 
-    _ = assets.load(4, ThingLoadArgs{});
+    _ = assets.load(4, ThingLoadArgs{ .load = ThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
     try std.testing.expectEqual(assets.get(Thing).size(), 2);
 
-    _ = assets.get(OtherThing).load(6, OtherThingLoadArgs{});
+    _ = assets.get(OtherThing).load(6, OtherThingLoadArgs{ .load = OtherThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
     try std.testing.expectEqual(assets.get(OtherThing).size(), 1);
 
-    _ = assets.load(8, OtherThingLoadArgs{});
+    _ = assets.load(8, OtherThingLoadArgs{ .load = OtherThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
     try std.testing.expectEqual(assets.get(OtherThing).size(), 2);
 
     assets.get(OtherThing).clear();
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
index 0d8fbd8..2195973 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
             self.safe_deinit(self);
         }
 
-        pub fn load(self: *@This(), id: u32, comptime loader: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(@field(loader, "load"))).BoundFn.return_type.? {
+        pub fn load(self: *@This(), id: u32, comptime loader: anytype) @typeInfo(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(@field(loader, "load"))).Pointer.child).Fn.return_type.? {
             if (self.resources.get(id)) |resource| {
                 return resource;
             }
 
-            var resource = loader.load();
+            var resource = loader.load(loader);
             _ = self.resources.put(id, resource) catch unreachable;
             return resource;
         }
@@ -82,9 +82,6 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
 }
 
 test "cache" {
-    // zig v0.10.0: Compilation Error
-    // error: no field named 'load' in struct 'resources.cache.test.cache.ThingLoadArgs'
-
     const utils = @import("../ecs/utils.zig");
 
     const Thing = struct {
@@ -95,7 +92,10 @@ test "cache" {
     };
 
     const ThingLoadArgs = struct {
-        pub fn load(self: @This()) *Thing {
+        // Use actual field "load" as function pointer to avoid zig v0.10.0
+        // compiler error: "error: no field named 'load' in struct '...'"
+        load: *const fn (self: @This()) *Thing,
+        pub fn loadFn(self: @This()) *Thing {
             _ = self;
             return std.testing.allocator.create(Thing) catch unreachable;
         }
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ test "cache" {
     var cache = Cache(Thing).init(std.testing.allocator);
     defer cache.deinit();
 
-    _ = cache.load(utils.hashString("my/id"), ThingLoadArgs{});
-    _ = cache.load(utils.hashString("another/id"), ThingLoadArgs{});
+    _ = cache.load(utils.hashString("my/id"), ThingLoadArgs{ .load = ThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
+    _ = cache.load(utils.hashString("another/id"), ThingLoadArgs{ .load = ThingLoadArgs.loadFn });
     try std.testing.expectEqual(cache.size(), 2);
 
     cache.remove(utils.hashString("my/id"));

From 701fbfb4db94d8819fb0c092b38c0f738b073b1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:40:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] invoke singletons() function to satisfy compiler

---
 zig-ecs/tests/registry_test.zig | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/tests/registry_test.zig b/zig-ecs/tests/registry_test.zig
index 7549220..10d5cf1 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/tests/registry_test.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/tests/registry_test.zig
@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@ test "singletons" {
     defer reg.deinit();
 
     var pos = Position{ .x = 5, .y = 5 };
-    reg.singletons.add(pos);
-    try std.testing.expect(reg.singletons.has(Position));
-    try std.testing.expectEqual(reg.singletons.get(Position).*, pos);
+    reg.singletons().add(pos);
+    try std.testing.expect(reg.singletons().has(Position));
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(reg.singletons().get(Position).*, pos);
 
-    reg.singletons.remove(Position);
-    try std.testing.expect(!reg.singletons.has(Position));
+    reg.singletons().remove(Position);
+    try std.testing.expect(!reg.singletons().has(Position));
 }
 
 test "destroy" {

From e0eb68dd5ba66e20de8a32a7a531f8fdea953009 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 11:41:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] change Iterator implementation in MultiView struct to use
 already existing ReverseSliceIterator

---
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/views.zig | 26 ++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/views.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/views.zig
index f8a0e91..7aa6c48 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/views.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/views.zig
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const utils = @import("utils.zig");
 const Registry = @import("registry.zig").Registry;
 const Storage = @import("registry.zig").Storage;
 const Entity = @import("registry.zig").Entity;
+const ReverseSliceIterator = @import("utils.zig").ReverseSliceIterator;
 
 /// single item view. Iterating raw() directly is the fastest way to get at the data. An iterator is also available to iterate
 /// either the Entities or the Components. If T is sorted note that raw() will be in the reverse order so it should be looped
@@ -63,26 +64,19 @@ pub fn MultiView(comptime n_includes: usize, comptime n_excludes: usize) type {
 
         pub const Iterator = struct {
             view: *Self,
-            index: usize,
-            entities: *const []Entity,
+            internal_it: ReverseSliceIterator(Entity),
 
             pub fn init(view: *Self) Iterator {
                 const ptr = view.registry.components.get(view.type_ids[0]).?;
-                const entities = @intToPtr(*Storage(u8), ptr).dataPtr();
+                const internal_it = @intToPtr(*Storage(u8), ptr).set.reverseIterator();
                 return .{
                     .view = view,
-                    .index = entities.len,
-                    .entities = entities,
+                    .internal_it = internal_it
                 };
             }
 
             pub fn next(it: *Iterator) ?Entity {
-                while (true) blk: {
-                    if (it.index == 0) return null;
-                    it.index -= 1;
-
-                    const entity = it.entities.*[it.index];
-
+                while (it.internal_it.next()) |entity| blk: {
                     // entity must be in all other Storages
                     for (it.view.type_ids) |tid| {
                         const ptr = it.view.registry.components.get(tid).?;
@@ -101,11 +95,19 @@ pub fn MultiView(comptime n_includes: usize, comptime n_excludes: usize) type {
 
                     return entity;
                 }
+                return null;
             }
 
             // Reset the iterator to the initial index
             pub fn reset(it: *Iterator) void {
-                it.index = it.entities.len;
+                // Assign new iterator instance in case entities have been
+                // removed or added.
+                it.internal_it = it.getInternalIteratorInstance();
+            }
+
+            fn getInternalIteratorInstance(it: *Iterator) ReverseSliceIterator(Entity) {
+                const ptr = it.view.registry.components.get(it.view.type_ids[0]).?;
+                return @intToPtr(*Storage(u8), ptr).set.reverseIterator();
             }
         };
 

From 94f38a3d8989959590d8caa71ffce9844c4480d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stefan=20Partheym=C3=BCller?= <s.partheymueller@initics.de>
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 14:34:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] make source files and build file compatible with current
 zig compiler 0.11.0-dev.1580+a5b34a61a

---
 zig-ecs/build.zig                | 42 +++++++++++++++++++-------------
 zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig       | 14 +++++------
 zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig  |  4 +--
 zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig |  6 ++---
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zig-ecs/build.zig b/zig-ecs/build.zig
index fc1e2c7..64fc154 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/build.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/build.zig
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ const Builder = std.build.Builder;
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 
 pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
-    const build_mode = b.standardReleaseOptions();
+    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
+    const ecs_module = b.createModule(.{
+        .source_file = std.build.FileSource{ .path = "src/ecs.zig" },
+    });
 
     // use a different cache folder for macos arm builds
     b.cache_root = if (builtin.os.tag == .macos and builtin.target.cpu.arch == .aarch64) "zig-arm-cache" else "zig-cache";
@@ -18,11 +21,14 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
         const name = if (i == 0) "ecs" else example[0];
         const source = example[1];
 
-        var exe = b.addExecutable(name, source);
-        exe.setBuildMode(b.standardReleaseOptions());
+        var exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+            .name = name,
+            .root_source_file = std.build.FileSource{ .path = source },
+            .optimize = optimize,
+        });
         exe.setOutputDir(std.fs.path.join(b.allocator, &[_][]const u8{ b.cache_root, "bin" }) catch unreachable);
-        exe.addPackagePath("ecs", "src/ecs.zig");
-        exe.linkSystemLibrary("c");
+        exe.addModule("ecs", ecs_module);
+        exe.linkLibC();
 
         const docs = exe;
         docs.emit_docs = .emit;
@@ -42,13 +48,17 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
     }
 
     // internal tests
-    const internal_test_step = b.addTest("src/tests.zig");
-    internal_test_step.setBuildMode(build_mode);
+    const internal_test_step = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_source_file = std.build.FileSource{ .path = "src/tests.zig" },
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
 
     // public api tests
-    const test_step = b.addTest("tests/tests.zig");
-    test_step.addPackagePath("ecs", "src/ecs.zig");
-    test_step.setBuildMode(build_mode);
+    const test_step = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_source_file = std.build.FileSource{ .path = "tests/tests.zig" },
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+    test_step.addModule("ecs", ecs_module);
 
     const test_cmd = b.step("test", "Run the tests");
     test_cmd.dependOn(&internal_test_step.step);
@@ -61,7 +71,7 @@ pub const LibType = enum(i32) {
     exe_compiled,
 };
 
-pub fn getPackage(comptime prefix_path: []const u8) std.build.Pkg {
+pub fn getModule(comptime prefix_path: []const u8) std.build.Module {
     return .{
         .name = "ecs",
         .path = .{ .path = prefix_path ++ "src/ecs.zig" },
@@ -70,18 +80,16 @@ pub fn getPackage(comptime prefix_path: []const u8) std.build.Pkg {
 
 /// prefix_path is used to add package paths. It should be the the same path used to include this build file
 pub fn linkArtifact(b: *Builder, artifact: *std.build.LibExeObjStep, _: std.build.Target, lib_type: LibType, comptime prefix_path: []const u8) void {
-    const build_mode = b.standardReleaseOptions();
+    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
     switch (lib_type) {
         .static => {
-            const lib = b.addStaticLibrary("ecs", "ecs.zig");
-            lib.setBuildMode(build_mode);
+            const lib = b.addStaticLibrary(.{ .name = "ecs", .root_source_file = "ecs.zig", .optimize = optimize });
             lib.install();
 
             artifact.linkLibrary(lib);
         },
         .dynamic => {
-            const lib = b.addSharedLibrary("ecs", "ecs.zig", .unversioned);
-            lib.setBuildMode(build_mode);
+            const lib = b.addSharedLibrary(.{ .name = "ecs", .root_source_file = "ecs.zig", .optimize = optimize });
             lib.install();
 
             artifact.linkLibrary(lib);
@@ -89,5 +97,5 @@ pub fn linkArtifact(b: *Builder, artifact: *std.build.LibExeObjStep, _: std.buil
         else => {},
     }
 
-    artifact.addPackage(getPackage(prefix_path));
+    artifact.addModule(getModule(prefix_path));
 }
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
index 2e15bbe..9cd1ee2 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/ecs/groups.zig
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
 
                 var component_ptrs: [component_info.fields.len][*]u8 = undefined;
                 inline for (component_info.fields) |field, i| {
-                    const storage = group.registry.assure(@typeInfo(field.field_type).Pointer.child);
+                    const storage = group.registry.assure(@typeInfo(field.type).Pointer.child);
                     component_ptrs[i] = @ptrCast([*]u8, storage.instances.items.ptr);
                 }
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
                 // fill and return the struct
                 var comps: Components = undefined;
                 inline for (@typeInfo(Components).Struct.fields) |field, i| {
-                    const typed_ptr = @ptrCast([*]@typeInfo(field.field_type).Pointer.child, @alignCast(@alignOf(@typeInfo(field.field_type).Pointer.child), it.component_ptrs[i]));
+                    const typed_ptr = @ptrCast([*]@typeInfo(field.type).Pointer.child, @alignCast(@alignOf(@typeInfo(field.type).Pointer.child), it.component_ptrs[i]));
                     @field(comps, field.name) = &typed_ptr[it.index];
                 }
                 return comps;
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
             std.debug.assert(@typeInfo(Components) == .Struct);
 
             inline for (@typeInfo(Components).Struct.fields) |field| {
-                std.debug.assert(@typeInfo(field.field_type) == .Pointer);
-                const found = std.mem.indexOfScalar(u32, self.group_data.owned, utils.typeId(std.meta.Child(field.field_type)));
+                std.debug.assert(@typeInfo(field.type) == .Pointer);
+                const found = std.mem.indexOfScalar(u32, self.group_data.owned, utils.typeId(std.meta.Child(field.type)));
                 std.debug.assert(found != null);
             }
         }
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
 
         var component_ptrs: [component_info.fields.len][*]u8 = undefined;
         inline for (component_info.fields) |field, i| {
-            const storage = self.registry.assure(std.meta.Child(field.field_type));
+            const storage = self.registry.assure(std.meta.Child(field.type));
             component_ptrs[i] = @ptrCast([*]u8, storage.instances.items.ptr);
         }
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
         const index = self.firstOwnedStorage().set.index(entity);
         var comps: Components = undefined;
         inline for (component_info.fields) |field, i| {
-            const typed_ptr = @ptrCast([*]std.meta.Child(field.field_type), @alignCast(@alignOf(std.meta.Child(field.field_type)), component_ptrs[i]));
+            const typed_ptr = @ptrCast([*]std.meta.Child(field.type), @alignCast(@alignOf(std.meta.Child(field.type)), component_ptrs[i]));
             @field(comps, field.name) = &typed_ptr[index];
         }
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub const OwningGroup = struct {
         // optionally we could just use an Iterator here and pay for some slight indirection for code sharing
         var iter = self.iterator(Components);
         while (iter.next()) |comps| {
-            @call(.{ .modifier = .always_inline }, func, .{comps});
+            @call(.always_inline, func, .{comps});
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
index 2195973..e4d9a3f 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/resources/cache.zig
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
         pub fn remove(self: *@This(), id: u32) void {
             if (self.resources.fetchRemove(id)) |kv| {
                 if (@hasDecl(T, "deinit")) {
-                    @call(.{ .modifier = .always_inline }, @field(kv.value, "deinit"), .{});
+                    @call(.always_inline, @field(kv.value, "deinit"), .{});
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn Cache(comptime T: type) type {
             if (@hasDecl(T, "deinit")) {
                 var iter = self.resources.iterator();
                 while (iter.next()) |kv| {
-                    @call(.{ .modifier = .always_inline }, @field(kv.value_ptr.*, "deinit"), .{});
+                    @call(.always_inline, @field(kv.value_ptr.*, "deinit"), .{});
                 }
             }
             self.resources.clearAndFree();
diff --git a/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig b/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
index c40a57b..3a79f9c 100644
--- a/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
+++ b/zig-ecs/src/signals/delegate.zig
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn Delegate(comptime Event: type) type {
                 .callback = .{
                     .bound = struct {
                         fn cb(self: usize, param: Event) void {
-                            @call(.{ .modifier = .always_inline }, @field(@intToPtr(T, self), fn_name), .{param});
+                            @call(.always_inline, @field(@intToPtr(T, self), fn_name), .{param});
                         }
                     }.cb,
                 },
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ pub fn Delegate(comptime Event: type) type {
 
         pub fn trigger(self: Self, param: Event) void {
             switch (self.callback) {
-                .free => |func| @call(.{}, func, .{param}),
-                .bound => |func| @call(.{}, func, .{ self.ctx_ptr_address, param }),
+                .free => |func| @call(.auto, func, .{param}),
+                .bound => |func| @call(.auto, func, .{ self.ctx_ptr_address, param }),
             }
         }